原文：
Cognition is regarded as the behavioral manifestation of physiological processes. Form and function are not arbitrarily superimposed upon the embryo from the outside but gradually develop through a process of differentiation. The basic plan is based on information contained in the developing tissues. Some functions need an extra organismic stimulus for the initiation of operation-something that triggers the cocked mechanisms; the onset of air-breathing in mammals is an example. These extra-organismic stimuli do not shape the ensuing function. A species’ peculiar mode of processing visual input, as evidenced in pattern recognition, may develop only in individuals who have had a minimum of exposure to properly illuminated objects in the environment during their formative years. But the environment clearly does not shape the mode of input processing, because the environment might have been the background to the visual development of a vast number of other types of pattern-recognition.
翻譯：
認知被視為生理過程的行為表現。其形式和功能並非任意地從外在重疊加在胚胎上，而是透過分化的過程而逐漸發展。基本的計劃是依據發展中的組織，其內所顯示的資訊而決定。有些功能另外需要有機體的刺激來引發機制而開始運作；像是哺乳動物的呼吸起始就是一個例子。這些額外的有機體刺激並不影響隨後功能的發展。一個物種處理視覺輸入的特殊方式，如模式識別中所顯現，可能只在對某些個體中發展。但是顯然地環境並不是決定輸入過程形式的形成，因為環境可能是其它大量模式識別中，其視覺發展的背景。
原文：
(iv) At birth, man is relatively immature; certain aspects of his behavior and cognitive function emerge only during infancy. Man’s postnatal state of maturity (brain and behavior) is less advanced than that of other primates. This is a statement of fact and not a return to the fetalization and neotony theories of old (details in Chapter Four).
翻譯：
在出生時，人類相當地不成熟;某些方面的行為和認知功能只有在嬰兒期出現。人類產後狀態的成熟度（大腦和行為）比其他靈長類動物是較不先進的。這是對事實的陳述，而不是回到關於胎型和幼期性熟的理論（詳情見第四章）。
原文：
(v) Certain social phenomena among animals come about by spontaneous adaptation of the behavior of the growing individual to the behavior of other individuals around him. Adequate environment does not merely include nutritive and physical conditions; many animals require specific social conditions for proper development. The survival of the species frequently depends on the development of mechanisms for social cohesion or social cooperation. The development of typical social behavior in a growing individual requires, for many species, exposure to specific stimuli such as the presence of certain action patterns in the mother, a sexual partner, a group leader, etc. sometimes mere exposure to social behavior of other individuals is a sufficient stimulus. For some species the correct stimulation must occur during a narrow formative period in infancy; failing this, further development may become seriously and irreversibly distorted. In all types of developing social behavior, the growing individual begins to engage in behavior as if by resonance; he is maturationally ready but will not begin to perform unless properly stimulated. If exposed to the stimuli, he becomes socially“excited”as a resonator may become excited when exposed to a given range of sound frequencies. Some social behavior consists of intricate patterns, the development of which is the result of subtle adjustments to and interactions with similar behavior patterns (for example, the songs of certain bird species). An impoverished social input may entail permanently impoverished behavior patterns.
翻譯：
動物中某些社會現象的出現是源自於成長的個體對其他周圍個體所做的自然調整行為。適當的環境不只包括營養和生理狀況;許多動物為了適當的發展需要特定的社交條件。物種的生存往往取決於社會凝聚力和社交合作的發展機制。一個成長的個體，其典型社交行為的發展，對許多物種來說必需暴露於特定的刺激，例如某種母性行為模式、性伴侶及族群領導者的出現等。有時僅接觸其他個體的社交行為是足夠的刺激。對於某些物種來說，正確的刺激必須發生在嬰兒時的形成時期;如果錯過了這個時期，進一步的發展有可能變成嚴重且不可逆轉的變型。在所有發展中的社交行為中，成長中的個體開始處理行為就好比共振;他是已做好完全準備，但並不會開始執行，除非受到適當刺激。如果暴露於刺激，他會受社交而激動就像諧振器可能變得興奮，當它暴露於某一特定頻率範圍的聲音中。有些是由錯綜複雜的模式所組成，而社交行為的發展，是對類似行為模式所做的些微調整以及互動的結果，（例如，某種鳥類的歌曲）。貧乏的社交輸入可能造成長久的貧乏行為模式。
Cognition is regarded as the behavioral manifestation of physiological processes. Form and function are not arbitrarily superimposed upon the embryo from the outside but gradually develop through a process of differentiation. The basic plan is based on information contained in the developing tissues. Some functions need an extra organismic stimulus for the initiation of operation-something that triggers the cocked mechanisms; the onset of air-breathing in mammals is an example. These extra-organismic stimuli do not shape the ensuing function. A species’ peculiar mode of processing visual input, as evidenced in pattern recognition, may develop only in individuals who have had a minimum of exposure to properly illuminated objects in the environment during their formative years. But the environment clearly does not shape the mode of input processing, because the environment might have been the background to the visual development of a vast number of other types of pattern-recognition.
翻譯：
認知被視為生理過程的行為表現。其形式和功能並非任意地從外在重疊加在胚胎上，而是透過分化的過程而逐漸發展。基本的計劃是依據發展中的組織，其內所顯示的資訊而決定。有些功能另外需要有機體的刺激來引發機制而開始運作；像是哺乳動物的呼吸起始就是一個例子。這些額外的有機體刺激並不影響隨後功能的發展。一個物種處理視覺輸入的特殊方式，如模式識別中所顯現，可能只在對某些個體中發展。但是顯然地環境並不是決定輸入過程形式的形成，因為環境可能是其它大量模式識別中，其視覺發展的背景。
原文：
(iv) At birth, man is relatively immature; certain aspects of his behavior and cognitive function emerge only during infancy. Man’s postnatal state of maturity (brain and behavior) is less advanced than that of other primates. This is a statement of fact and not a return to the fetalization and neotony theories of old (details in Chapter Four).
翻譯：
在出生時，人類相當地不成熟;某些方面的行為和認知功能只有在嬰兒期出現。人類產後狀態的成熟度（大腦和行為）比其他靈長類動物是較不先進的。這是對事實的陳述，而不是回到關於胎型和幼期性熟的理論（詳情見第四章）。
原文：
(v) Certain social phenomena among animals come about by spontaneous adaptation of the behavior of the growing individual to the behavior of other individuals around him. Adequate environment does not merely include nutritive and physical conditions; many animals require specific social conditions for proper development. The survival of the species frequently depends on the development of mechanisms for social cohesion or social cooperation. The development of typical social behavior in a growing individual requires, for many species, exposure to specific stimuli such as the presence of certain action patterns in the mother, a sexual partner, a group leader, etc. sometimes mere exposure to social behavior of other individuals is a sufficient stimulus. For some species the correct stimulation must occur during a narrow formative period in infancy; failing this, further development may become seriously and irreversibly distorted. In all types of developing social behavior, the growing individual begins to engage in behavior as if by resonance; he is maturationally ready but will not begin to perform unless properly stimulated. If exposed to the stimuli, he becomes socially“excited”as a resonator may become excited when exposed to a given range of sound frequencies. Some social behavior consists of intricate patterns, the development of which is the result of subtle adjustments to and interactions with similar behavior patterns (for example, the songs of certain bird species). An impoverished social input may entail permanently impoverished behavior patterns.
翻譯：
動物中某些社會現象的出現是源自於成長的個體對其他周圍個體所做的自然調整行為。適當的環境不只包括營養和生理狀況;許多動物為了適當的發展需要特定的社交條件。物種的生存往往取決於社會凝聚力和社交合作的發展機制。一個成長的個體，其典型社交行為的發展，對許多物種來說必需暴露於特定的刺激，例如某種母性行為模式、性伴侶及族群領導者的出現等。有時僅接觸其他個體的社交行為是足夠的刺激。對於某些物種來說，正確的刺激必須發生在嬰兒時的形成時期;如果錯過了這個時期，進一步的發展有可能變成嚴重且不可逆轉的變型。在所有發展中的社交行為中，成長中的個體開始處理行為就好比共振;他是已做好完全準備，但並不會開始執行，除非受到適當刺激。如果暴露於刺激，他會受社交而激動就像諧振器可能變得興奮，當它暴露於某一特定頻率範圍的聲音中。有些是由錯綜複雜的模式所組成，而社交行為的發展，是對類似行為模式所做的些微調整以及互動的結果，（例如，某種鳥類的歌曲）。貧乏的社交輸入可能造成長久的貧乏行為模式。
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